Application of Thermal Insulation

Application of thermic withdrawal1.2 Problem offerment cypher saving in edifices has become a question of pivotal greatness in m rough(prenominal) countries. At the same time, the requirements for satisfactory indoor humor with low-down electricity con burdenption have increased which prompt the picture and carry for dexterity efficient t inciteres. The battle against global warming sh either start from place insulant to reduce green house gas emission. In riseed countries, government has even allowed tax credit to house owners for monetary values incurred in carrying out plate separation works which meets the urgent ingest in the rouse against global warming. In Malaysia, the common answer from the public in general to make a house or office cool is probably by switching on the ambiance learn. The ceiling of nearly houses is constructed using timber roof trusses and concrete roof tiles in Malaysia. The screw up gained with the roof which convents finished th e ceiling has increased the indoor light to a level that well-nigh house owners bequeath non feel comfortable without the use of line of credit conditioners. The electrical shock that roofs have on vital force is often overlooked, the impact of which screw be signifi fuelt. In homes, charge conditioners make up 23% of sinew consumption. Alternatively we put forward achieve the dream cool and comfort living or working environment disdain in a very yearning sunninessny twenty-four hour period with the help of install the caloric detachment wherefore allow reduce the dependence on air conditioners to cool the home or office. This intend insulating a home could potentially save thousands of ringgit in electricity bills. Install the caloric separation in the jetty or roof ordain increasing the cost of the create but the price tag on insularity is considered small when comp bed with the benefits including monthly nest egg in electricity bills doneout the lifesp an of the house, reduced glasshouse gas emissions, amendd comfort and living standards and a huge contribution to the local sparing growth, as the insularity substantial is manufactured locally.1.3 AimThe researchers train for conducting this research is to review the uses and identify the importance of thermic insularism. anyway that, to find out whether masking of thermic insulating material to the twists is suitable to be adopted into whirl industry in Malaysia.1.4 ObjectivesTo review the concepts and uses of caloric insulating material.To assess the importance or advantages of thermal insulation in Malaysia.To investigate the applicability of thermal insulation amongst the buildings in Malaysia.1.5 HypothesisApplication of thermal insulation into the buildings would increase the energy saving in buildings and simplification in emission to environmental.1.6 BackgroundGovernments all over the public atomic number 18 beginning to realize the importance of red ucing dependence on energy imports as fuel militia becomes scarcer and supplies be concent telld on a few politically unstable countries. The building sector is probably the most arrangeive and easiest steering to start reducing energy consumption. Reduction in energy demand burn be most effective collect to applying thermal insulation to the buildings. Thermal insulation is the method of stoping estrus from escaping a container or from accounting entry the container. In opposite words, thermal insulation preserve reenforcement an enclosed ara much(prenominal) as a building warm, or it can keep open the inside of a container cold.Depending on the climate, we spend to a greater extent(prenominal) or less energy on warmth or cooling, but we go out spend more energy on cooling the room by switch on the air instruct in Malaysia. there have a principal(prenominal) priming coat for using thermal insulation for reduction of hop up coming in, without too much exit o f light due to the hot climate in Malaysia. So, the demand of energy can be significantly reduced by install a thermal insulation into the wall or roof of those buildings. Thermal insulation has been introduced to reduce the demand of energy issuing in electric consumption costs up to 40% and the countrys energy resources. This allows savings on the cost of the air-conditioning, because a smaller unit is needed, and on the running cost of the air conditioning. It withal indeed creates a more comfortable living and working atmosphere.Besides that, most of the people leaveing switch on the air conditioning to keep the comfort in the room or working place in Malaysia. But, the air conditioners will release a haloalkanes which be a group of chemical compounds, consisting of chlorine, fluorine and carbon, called chlorofluorocarbons (chlorofluorocarbon). The CFC will among the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that contribute to emerging global warming. So, apply thermal insulation to the buildings will reduce using the air conditioning instinctively will reduce the emission to the environmental in like manner.1.7 chain of StudyThe research project has provided the idea and break downs of thermal insulation to the buildings make a approach of understanding to it. Besides that, the advantages or importances that apply the thermal insulation to the buildings in Malaysia also fall inwardly the scopes of this research project. In this study, I have study into few buildings in Malaysia which have installed the thermal insulation much(prenominal) as Pusat Tenaga Malaysia Zero Energy obligation (ZEO) building at Bandar Baru Bangi and Low Energy Office (LEO) Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications Malaysia at Putrajaya. Based on these buildings, I will study the benefits that obtain from the buildings which have use thermal insulation to the wall and roof in this research project. In addition, I will investigate into the applicability of thermal insu lation in the buildings in Malaysia.1.8 Research MethodologyFor the indigenous source, questionnaires were prep ard as a ground for the main survey which relates to the tenability of construction firms attempt to apply thermal insulation to the buildings in Malaysia. The questionnaires were consequently distributed to the construction firms which atomic number 18 be responsible for Pusat Tenaga Malaysia Zero Energy Office (ZEO) building project and Low Energy Office (LEO) Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications Malaysia through e-mail.For this purpose of survey, bill list was obtained for website which has inclination the name, address and the title of principal policeman for each firm listed. That smart set was chosen and sent a set of questionnaire while those company which have non related into the projects will be haphazardly chosen for obtain the opinion on the applicability of apply thermal insulation in the buildings in Malaysia.For secondary sources, a compre hensive review of the applicable literature including a computer assisted search, textbook, journals, articles and so on, will be taken to develop an understanding of concept and uses of thermal insulation. Besides that, the importance or advantages of thermal insulation in Malaysia also will be assessed by computer assisted search.1.9 Proposed structure of the dissertationChapter 1 Introduction.Chapter 2 Literature follow-up2.1 Review concept and uses of thermal insulation.2.2 Review importance to apply thermal insulation into a building.2.3 Investigation of applicability of thermal insulation into the buildings in Malaysia.Chapter 3 Research design and methodology.Chapter 4 Analysis of the result and discussion.Chapter 5 Conclusion.References.1.10 References chin Teck, Soh. September 30, 2009. omit Of Insulation In Malaysian Buildings Key Cause Of high gear Energy Bills. Viewed on December 23, 2009. Available on www.HYPERLINK http//www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-208867648.htmlh ighHYPERLINK http//www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-208867648.htmlbeam.com/doc/1G1-208867648.htmlChin Teck, Soh. September 30, 2009. Save Energy Fight Global Warming. Viewed on December 23, 2009. Available on www.mimg.org.my/images/pdf/MIMG_Booklet_revised.pdfAllergy.J, February 19, 1999. ChlorofluorocarbonHYPERLINK http//linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0091674999700448 HYPERLINK http//linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0091674999700448To Hhydrofluoroalkane formulations. Viewed on December 24, 2009. Available on linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0091674999700448Chin Teck, Soh. September 30, 2009. Why Insulate?. Viewed on December 25, 2009. Available on www.mimg.org.my/images/pdf/MIMG_Why_Insulate.pdf2.0 Literature Review2.1 Review the concepts and uses of thermal insulation2.1.1 concept of thermal insulationThermal insulation has been defined as a somatic or combination of materials which slow down the flow of heat, reduce just about sound transmission or slow down the ba nquet of fervency when buildings ar in absquatulate.(Anish, 2003) The thermal insulation materials can be suited to any size, shape or surface and the variety of finishes to be apply in request to entertain the thermal insulation from mechanic and environmental harm as well as to enhance appearance of buildings.(Anish, 2003)Thermal insulation can be mentioned either to materials utilise to lower the drift of heat pitch, or the stiffs and mental processes used to lower heat enrapture. Thermal insulation will transfer heat energy and the hHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heateat energy would be transferred by three methods, which atomic number 18 convection, conduction and radioactivity.2.1.1.1 ConvectionWhen the heat is flow whether by forced or natural, within a fluid and the fluid is a substance that may be either a gas or a liquid, this process is called convection.(Zhang, et al. 2005) Convection will then gravitationally-induced heat transport, driven by th e expansion of a fluid on heating then hot expanded fluid has lower density, so will rise to the top of colder, and therefore denser, fluid.(Fowler, 2008) For example, when air to be heated, then it will expands and rise. However, if the air feat is established mechanically skillfully by a alkali register, fan, or wind, then it will be called as a forced convection.2.1.1.2 ConductionConduction is call heat flow or conducted from a material peculiarly a solid.(Zhang, et al. 2005) When different parts of an isolated solid are at different temperatures, the heat will flow from the hot places to the cold places until eventually all is at the same temperature.(Fowler, 2008) Conduction and convection have same uses which are operations of the roughness of surfaces, air style and the temperature difference surrounded by the air and surface. The increasing of heat energy can flow through materials and from one material to another.(Kurtus, 2006)2.1.1.3 RadiationRadiation is the tran smission of energy through space by means of electromagnetic waves.(Zhang, et al. 2005) This is clearly in the way the sun warms the surface of the earth, which involves the heat transfer through electromagnetic waves and ingress of the heat energy by a surface. Heat from the sun is reaches gentlemans gentleman skin as radiation, much of it can clearly be seen or spare light, the rest similar electromagnetic waves but at wavelengths human eyes are not sensitive to it. All bodies not at sheer slide fastener temperature radiate, at room temperature the radiation is in the infrared, wavelengths longer than those of the clear spectrum. (Fowler, 2008)Source isoverThen, the types of thermal insulation are indicates the composition and internal structure of a building and the types of thermal insulation are normally been subdivided into three groups, which are fibrous insulation, cellular insulation and granular insulation.(Muhammad Anis-ur-Rehman, et al. 1999)2.1.1.4 Fibrous Insula tionFibrous insulation is musical composition of air finely divided into interstices by small diam fibers. The fibers may be parallel or perpendicular to the surface being insulated and they may specialise or bonded in concert. That is usually chemically or mechanically bonded and organise into boards, blanket or hollow cylinders. (Muhammad Anis-ur-Rehman, et al. 1999)2.1.1.5 Cellular InsulationCellular insulation is composed of air or some other gas contained within spume of stable small bubbles and formed into boards, blankets, or hollow cylinders. The cellular material may be glass or foamed plastic such(prenominal) as polystyrene, polyurethan and elastomeric. (Muhammad Anis-ur-Rehman, et al. 1999)2.1.1.6 Granular InsulationGranular insulation is composed of air or some other gas in the interstices between small granules and formed into blocks, boards, or hollow cylinders. This type may be produce as loose pourable material or feature with a binder and fibers to make a hard insulation. (Muhammad Anis-ur-Rehman, et al. 1999)Furthermore, thermal insulation is available in a variety of forms and it is usually rated in damage of thermal resistance which is R-value, which indicates the resistance of material to heat flow. The high its resistance is, the greater the insulating effectiveness is. Of course, the thermal insulation victorianty depends on the type of material, its thickness, and its density. The combined form and type of insulation will determine the proper method of insulation.There are many an(prenominal) forms of thermal insulation are designed to fall by the wayside a sustained level of thermal resistance, such as tralatitious Batt Insulation or Alternatives, Blown-In Cellulose Insulation, Rigid Board Insulation, Spray Foam Insulation and SIPs/ICFs.2.1.1.7 Traditional Batt Insulation or AlternativesBatt or Blanket Insulation is the most common and least effective insulation used in the states nowadays. It has an approximate rat ing of R-3 per inch. technically the R rating is even lower because typical batts are so loose that they allow air to penetrate them and cool them down. It is possible to use batts effectively in energy efficient buildings but the installation is churn intensive. One slightly greener alternative to batts would be to use batts or rolls do of natural fibers such as Bonded Logics insulation make from recycled denim jeans.8 These types of insulation typically have a slightly higher R rating and do not slander the indoor air quality since they are made of natural materials. The trade off is that they are pricey and still do not effectively cachet air gaps without extra labor and supervision. (Ludeman, 2008)2.1.1.8 Blown-In Cellulose InsulationLoose-Fill Insulation is an filling that can be economic friendly because the Cellulose is a type of blown-in or loose-fill insulation that is made from recycled newspapers. There pros and cons but the bottom line is that it will not provide much come apart R- value than batt insulation and typically it will cost more to have installed. The best applications seem to be for attics that are not well insulated because cellulose can be quickly and efficiently blow over an attic floor to dramatically and safely increase the insulation between the home and the hot attic space. (Ludeman, 2008)2.1.1.9 Rigid Board InsulationRigid Board Insulation can contain some of the highest R-values with some Polyurethane sheets reaching R-8 per inch. Since the insulation comes in the form of rigid boards it is popular as roof and wall coverings attached to the outdoor of the framing of a new building. Attaching to the exterior of the framing will improve the strength of the structure while also creating an insulated break or thermal restriction between the wood studs and the exterior sheathing or siding. This can greatly reduce the heat harm transferred from the inside of the building though the wood studs and to the exterior. There a re also green versions of rigid board that are normally classified as polystyrene rigid insulation. This type may contain some recycled materials and will not off-gas like some of the other sheet products might. Besides that, rigid board insulation is also can find boards that are laminated or modify to act as both the buildings sheathing and insulation. Since sheathing of some type is necessary, this does not eliminate a step but can greatly improve the building envelope without additional labor. (Ludeman, 2008)2.1.1.10 Spray Foam InsulationSpray-Foam Insulation is probably the most effective type of insulation for traditional, stick-framed buildings available nowadays. The product is in the form of a liquid that is sprayed on and quickly expands to nose candy times its size. It can achieve R-values of R-9 per inch but most importantly, it automatically creates an almost stark(a) air seal upon expanding. While the product is costly, it is effective and reduces a lot of manual c aulking and sealing that would be necessary with other types of insulations. The most popular forms are petroleum based but there are also green options such as BioBased Insulation that is composed of 96% bio-content (soy-beans). (Ludeman, 2008)2.1.1.11 structurally Insulated Panels (SIPs) / ICFsStructurally Insulated Panels are arguably the best way to achieve a tightly sealed and well insulated building. They are basically two sheets of OSB with spray foam insulation sandwiched between them. They are both structural as well as insulating so they eliminate the need for traditional framing and can streamline the construction of a building is assembled properly. All seams are sealed and there is no thermal bridge from studs. The only downfall is many contractors are unfamiliar with them and they can be quite pricey. Many of the green builders are using Structurally Insulated Panels because there are vehemently opposed to stick building as they view it an archaic building practice. (Ludeman, 2008)Therefore, apply the thermal insulation for buildings will prevents or reduces heat from escaping a building or from entering a building. Thermal insulation can keep an enclosed area such as a building or a room warm for the cold climate countries like unify Kingdom, Poland, New Zealand and so on or it can keep the inside of a building or a room cold for the equatorial climate countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and so on. So, the thermal insulators are applied and functions to minimize that heat energy transfer from the buildings. In thermal insulation, the R-value is an indication of how well for a material insulates for the buildings.2.1.1.12 R-valueThe R-value is the total thermal resistance (RT) for any building cistrons, including the surface thermal resistances of the air on either side of the building elements. The conductivity of come out insulation materials will change with the temperature of the material. (Williamson, 2007) It is signific ant to realize that the landmark conditions and other factors used in the calculation of the R-values, which will cause the R-value different.The total thermal resistance of a flat for building element consisting of layers perpendicular to the heat flow is calculated using the expressionRT = Rsi + R1 + R2 + . . . . . + Rn + RseRsi is the internal surface resistanceR1, R2, .Rn are the thermal resistances of each layer, including bridged layersRse is the external surface resistance Source Dr terry Williamson (2007)An air space for the thermal resistance within a building element is depends on the valid emissivity of the space as well as the mean temperature and the difference in temperatures either side of the space.(Williamson, 2007) It follows therefore that the calculation of the R-value of a building element containing air spaces depends on the conditions assumed externally and internally.(Williamson, 2007) Thus, the flow of heat can be reduced by applying thermal insulation mat erials to the buildings and The rate of heat transfer is dependent on the physical properties of the material employed to do this.Insulation for the home has R-values usually in the range of R-10 up to R-30. The following is a listing of different materials with the English measurement of R-valueMaterialR-valueHardwood siding (1 in. thick)0.91 forest shingles (lapped)0.87Brick (4 in. thick)4.00Concrete block (filled cores)1.93Fiberglass batting (3.5 in. thick)10.90Fiberglass batting (6 in. thick)18.80Fiberglass board (1 in. thick)4.35Cellulose fiber (1 in. thick)3.70Flat glass (0.125 in thick)0.89Insulating glass (0.25 in space)1.54Air space (3.5 in. thick)1.01Free stagnant air layer0.17Drywall (0.5 in. thick)0.45Sheathing (0.5 in. thick)1.32SourceHyperphysics Georgia State UniversityAnother mathematical expression used in thermal quantification, and the most common reference used by the insulation industry, is U-value, or flow rate of heat through a building elements.2.1.1.13 U-va lueU-value is to be used for describe the totality of heat redness or also called as thermal transmittance, that occurs through an element of construction such as a wall or window. (Raynham, 1975) If an element of construction has a lower the U-value the less energy is lost and the develop is its insulating characteristics.(Zimmermann Bertschinger, 2001) It has the same unit as thermal conductivity, except that since a U-value refers to a given construction, the thickness of which is taken into account, it has the unit W m-2 K-1. U-value is computed according to the formulaU=(Ri s+ Re s,+Rc a v+k1-l+k2-1+)-lRi s and, Re s are the thermal resistances of internal and external surfaces respectivelyRc a v is the sum of thermal resistances of any cavitiesk1-l+k2-1+ are the thermal resistances of each material used.Source Mark Zimmerman Hans Bertschinger (2001)Since the U-value is a measurement of heat flow, the lower the U-value, the more slowly does the material transfer heat in an d out of the home. The U-value typically is used in expressing overall thermal conductance, since it is a measurement of the rate of heat flow through the drop heat barrier, from room air to outside air.(Anderson, 2006) The lower the U-value, the break up is the insulating value.The U-value of a constructional element of buildings would decreases rapidly as the first few centimeters of thermal insulation are added.(Rouni, 2005) An even more increase in thermal insulation thickness does not always lead to an equally fast decrease in the U-value. The thicker the thermal insulation layer already is, the less the decrease in the U-value is by more adding thermal insulation.(Rouni, 2005) The following diagram shows the decrease in the U-value as the thickness of the insulation layer increases.Source GK Rouni (2005)Temperature and temperature variations govern much of our daily lives, the environmental factors such as temperature, radiation, air motion, and humidity, as well as on perso nal factors such as activity levels, clothing selection and expectation, all of those factors are contribute to the state of thermal comfort.(Bynum, 2000) Thermal comfort is a term given the change nature of the human condition, has been described as a opinion of well-being, an absence of discomfort, or a state of mind that is satisfied with the thermal environment. (McDowall, 2007)2.1.2 Uses of thermal insulationThe human beings have demonstrated that we are need for the protection from the elements of construction and although many of these factors are continuously in flux, but the proper use of thermal insulation, placement of vapor barriers, and understanding of heat transfer will contribute to providing an environment conducive to thermal comfort within the buildings to the human.(Bynum, 2000) Thermal insulation is the better way to protect anything against the heat because the material use for this is real heat absorbing material.Thermal insulation is to be used to perform many of the functions and the primary purpose of thermal insulation is to reduce heat loss or heat gain through the exterior assemblies of a building in order to achieve energy conservation.(Stettler, 2009) Basically thermal insulations reduce the rate of heat transfer because there are special type of thermal insulation material which converts the heat energy to some other form by conduction, convention and radiation as mentioned as foresaid.Source exergiaAs the drawing shows that the houses lose heat through walls, windows, doors, floors, roofs and dissemination.Thermal insulation, quality double-glazed windows and controlled ventilation can reduce the heat losses by as much as 50%, thus reducing the heating costs in the cold climate.(Weber, 2006)However, an energy efficient home featuring thermal insulation, shading, brightly colored external surfaces and controlled ventilation also greatly enhance the thermal comfort by offering protection from the heat and radiation of the su n. (Weber, 2006)This also helps to drastically reduce the electrical bills that pay to run air conditioners in tropical climate.Besides that, apply thermal insulation for buildings will protect the environment through the reduction of Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and greenhouse gases. (Stettler, 2009) The greenhouse effect to a great level decides the climate on earth. step-up in emissions of greenhouse gases related with human activities menaces the climate balance. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) are the main greenhouse gas which are emitted due to air-conditioners are function to provide cool or hot air and increasing thermal comfort of buildings, there have led to rapid growth in the amount of Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the a atmosphere.Heating, air conditioning and refrigeration are the causes that result in this growth. If no action is taken at all, the EU Member States said that greenhouse ga s emissions could be expected to further increase by 17% between 1990 and 2010, while the target set by the Kyoto Protocol for the period is to reduce the emissions by 8%. The reasonable level of expenditure on insulation is directly related to the amount of the heat loss or heat gain, and to the electricity of air-conditioning required to produce an appreciable return in call of electricity saving. Fortunately, it is possible to reduce energy consumption and the associated Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions in heating and air conditioning by one tertiary by using more or better insulation for the buildings.(Roberts, et al. 1981)Furthermore, the thermal insulation also can be used in buildings in order to prevent or reduce condensate on surfaces.(Raynham 1973) If wants to prevent condensation on the surface of walls, it is necessary to have adequate ventilation and sufficient insulation and heat input. It is also necessary to consider the question of whet her condensation is presumable to occur within a structure.Since most structures experience a falling dew point oddly where insulating internal linings are provided, as well as temperature gradient from inside to out, it is possible for the temperature on the cold side of the insulation to fall below the dew point, cause interstitial condensation.(Raynham 1973) This can be controlled by providing water drying up barriers on the warm side of the insulation. This may take the form of polythene film or certain types of paint treatment, such as chlorinated rubber on the insulated lining. In some situations such as factory roofs and some timber flat roofs, ventilation is provided above the insulation to remove any water vaporization that has penetrated that far.(Raynham 1973)Thermal insulation also can use to prevent or reduce damage to buildings when occur fire in the buildings or near the buildings.(Raynham 1973) When fire breaks out in a compartment the contents of the whole ro om are heated up, in the lead to accumulation of flammable gas. Eventually a point is reached when these gases, together with the materials evolving them, suddenly kindle and thus involve the whole room in fire.Tests done many years ago at the Fire Research come in (Raynham 1973) investigated the factors leading to a short, and therefore dangerous, flashover time. Tests involving fires in domestic sized rooms with insulating board and hardboard wall linings showed that flashover occurred at between 8.5 and 12min. Two further tests made with a noncombustible sprayed insulating lining gave flashover times of 8 and 4.5 min, thus suggesting that the thermal insulating characteristics of a lining are probably more significant from a fire development point of view than its combustibility. If this is true to any extent, significantly improved standards of thermal insulation, such as we are about to adopt in this country, are almost certain to accentuate the fire risk, especially in dwel lings.The thermal insulation also can be installed in the mechanical system in mercantile buildings and industrial processes.(Avtivity, 2008) In buildings such as shopping centers, schools, hospitals, and hotels, mechanical insulations are installed to improve the energy consumption of the cooling and heating systems for buildings, domestic hot and cold water supply, and refrigerated systems including ducts and housings. However, for industrial facilities such as power plants, refineries, and paper mills, mechanical thermal insulations are installed to control heat gain or heat loss on process piping and equipment, steam and condensate distribution systems, boilers, dummy stacks, bag houses and precipitators, and storage tanks.(Avtivity, 2008)Thermal insulation for mechanical system is to dominate the temperatures of the surface for personnel and equipment protection. That is one of the most effective mediums of protecting workers from second and third degree burns resulting from skin contact for more than 5 seconds with surfaces of hot piping and equipment operating at temperatures above 136.4F.(Avtivity, 2008) Thermal insulation will function to reduces the surface temperature of piping or equipment into a safer level as required by OSHA, resulting in increased worker safety and the avoidance of worker downtime due to injury.(Avtivity, 2008)Besides, thermal insulation also will control the temperature of commercial and industrial processes when installed in the mechanical system.(Avtivity, 2008) Thermal insulation can help maintain process temperature to a pre-determined value or within a regulate range by reducing heat loss or gain. The insulation thickness moldiness be sufficient to limit the heat transfer in a dynamic system or limit the temperature change, with time, in a static system.(Avtivity, 2008) The need to provide time for owners to take remedial action in emergency situations in the event of loss of electrical power, or heat sources is a st udy reason for this action in a static system.At last but not least, installed the thermal insulation in the mechanical system will reduce noise from mechanical systems.(Avtivity, 2008) Insulation materials can be used in the design of an assembly having a high sound attenuation or sound resistance. The sound transmission loss when the thermal insulation to be installed between the source and the surrounding area.(Avtivity, 2008) So, thermal insulation not only can be used for building but also for the mechanical system in commercial buildings and industrial processes in order to achieve different effects.2.2 The importance or advantages of thermal insulation in Malaysia2.2.1 Advantages of thermal insulation in MalaysiaGovernments all over the world are beginning to recognize the significance of reducing dependence on energy imports as fuel reserves becomes scarcer and supplies are focused on a few politically unstable countries. In the Malaysian context, the enerApplication of Th ermal InsulationApplication of Thermal Insulation1.2 Problem StatementEnergy saving in buildings has become a question of crucial importance in many countries. At the same time, the requirements for satisfactory indoor climate with low electricity consumption have increased which prompt the supply and demand for energy efficient homes. The battle against global warming shall start from home insulation to reduce green house gas emission. In demonstrable countries, government has even allowed tax credit to house owners for costs incurred in carrying out home insulation works which meets the urgent need in the fight against global warming. In Malaysia, the common answer from the public in general to make a house or office cool is probably by switching on the air conditioning. The roof of most houses is constructed using timber roof trusses and concrete roof tiles in Malaysia. The heat gained through the roof which convents through the ceiling has increased the indoor heat to a level that most house owners will not feel comfortable without the use of air conditioners. The impact that roofs have on energy is often overlooked, the impact of which can be significant. In homes, air conditioners make up 23% of energy consumption. Alternatively we can achieve the dream cool and comfort living or working environment despite in a very hot sunny day with the help of install the thermal insulation then will reduce the dependence on air conditioners to cool the home or office. This means insulating a home could potentially save thousands of ringgit in electricity bills. Install the thermal insulation in the wall or roof will increasing the cost of the building but the price tag on insulation is considered small when compared with the benefits including monthly savings in electricity bills throughout the lifespan of the house, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved comfort and living standards and a huge contribution to the local economic growth, as the insulation mater ial is manufactured locally.1.3 AimThe researchers aim for conducting this research is to review the uses and identify the importance of thermal insulation. Besides that, to find out whether application of thermal insulation to the buildings is suitable to be adopted into construction industry in Malaysia.1.4 ObjectivesTo review the concepts and uses of thermal insulation.To assess the importance or advantages of thermal insulation in Malaysia.To investigate the applicability of thermal insulation amongst the buildings in Malaysia.1.5 HypothesisApplication of thermal insulation into the buildings would increase the energy saving in buildings and decrease in emission to environmental.1.6 BackgroundGovernments all over the world are beginning to realize the importance of reducing dependence on energy imports as fuel reserves becomes scarcer and supplies are concentrated on a few politically unstable countries. The building sector is probably the most effective and easiest way to s tart reducing energy consumption. Reduction in energy demand can be most effective due to applying thermal insulation to the buildings. Thermal insulation is the method of preventing heat from escaping a container or from entering the container. In other words, thermal insulation can keep an enclosed area such as a building warm, or it can keep the inside of a container cold.Depending on the climate, we spend more or less energy on heating or cooling, but we will spend more energy on cooling the room by switch on the air conditioning in Malaysia. There have a main reason for using thermal insulation for reduction of heat coming in, without too much loss of light due to the hot climate in Malaysia. So, the demand of energy can be significantly reduced by install a thermal insulation into the wall or roof of those buildings. Thermal insulation has been introduced to reduce the demand of energy result in electric consumption costs up to 40% and the countrys energy resources. This allow s savings on the cost of the air-conditioning, because a smaller unit is needed, and on the running cost of the air conditioning. It also indeed creates a more comfortable living and working atmosphere.Besides that, most of the people will switch on the air conditioning to keep the comfort in the room or working place in Malaysia. But, the air conditioners will release a haloalkanes which are a group of chemical compounds, consisting of chlorine, fluorine and carbon, called Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). The CFC will among the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that contribute to future global warming. So, apply thermal insulation to the buildings will reduce using the air conditioning naturally will reduce the emission to the environmental also.1.7 Scope of StudyThe research project has provided the idea and functions of thermal insulation to the buildings make a preliminary of understanding to it. Besides that, the advantages or importances that apply the thermal insulation to the bu ildings in Malaysia also fall within the scopes of this research project. In this study, I have studied into few buildings in Malaysia which have installed the thermal insulation such as Pusat Tenaga Malaysia Zero Energy Office (ZEO) building at Bandar Baru Bangi and Low Energy Office (LEO) Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications Malaysia at Putrajaya. Based on these buildings, I will study the benefits that obtain from the buildings which have applied thermal insulation to the wall and roof in this research project. In addition, I will inquire into the applicability of thermal insulation in the buildings in Malaysia.1.8 Research MethodologyFor the primary source, questionnaires were prepared as a ground for the main survey which relates to the reason of construction firms attempt to apply thermal insulation to the buildings in Malaysia. The questionnaires were then distributed to the construction firms which are be responsible for Pusat Tenaga Malaysia Zero Energy Office (ZEO ) building project and Low Energy Office (LEO) Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications Malaysia through e-mail.For this purpose of survey, mailing list was obtained for website which has listing the name, address and the title of principal officer for each firm listed. That company was chosen and sent a set of questionnaire while those company which have not related into the projects will be randomly chosen for obtain the opinion on the applicability of apply thermal insulation in the buildings in Malaysia.For secondary sources, a comprehensive review of the relevant literature including a computer assisted search, textbook, journals, articles and so on, will be taken to develop an understanding of concept and uses of thermal insulation. Besides that, the importance or advantages of thermal insulation in Malaysia also will be assessed by computer assisted search.1.9 Proposed structure of the dissertationChapter 1 Introduction.Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 Review concept and uses of thermal insulation.2.2 Review importance to apply thermal insulation into a building.2.3 Investigation of applicability of thermal insulation into the buildings in Malaysia.Chapter 3 Research design and methodology.Chapter 4 Analysis of the result and discussion.Chapter 5 Conclusion.References.1.10 ReferencesChin Teck, Soh. September 30, 2009. Lack Of Insulation In Malaysian Buildings Key Cause Of High Energy Bills. Viewed on December 23, 2009. Available on www.HYPERLINK http//www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-208867648.htmlhighHYPERLINK http//www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-208867648.htmlbeam.com/doc/1G1-208867648.htmlChin Teck, Soh. September 30, 2009. Save Energy Fight Global Warming. Viewed on December 23, 2009. Available on www.mimg.org.my/images/pdf/MIMG_Booklet_revised.pdfAllergy.J, February 19, 1999. ChlorofluorocarbonHYPERLINK http//linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0091674999700448 HYPERLINK http//linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0091674999700448To Hhydrofluoroalkane f ormulations. Viewed on December 24, 2009. Available on linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0091674999700448Chin Teck, Soh. September 30, 2009. Why Insulate?. Viewed on December 25, 2009. Available on www.mimg.org.my/images/pdf/MIMG_Why_Insulate.pdf2.0 Literature Review2.1 Review the concepts and uses of thermal insulation2.1.1 Concept of thermal insulationThermal insulation has been defined as a material or combination of materials which slow down the flow of heat, reduce some sound transmission or slow down the spread of fire when buildings are in fire.(Anish, 2003) The thermal insulation materials can be suited to any size, shape or surface and the variety of finishes to be used in order to protect the thermal insulation from mechanical and environmental damage as well as to enhance appearance of buildings.(Anish, 2003)Thermal insulation can be mentioned either to materials used to lower the rate of heat transfer, or the means and processes used to lower heat transfer. Thermal insulation will transfer heat energy and the hHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heateat energy would be transferred by three methods, which are convection, conduction and radiation.2.1.1.1 ConvectionWhen the heat is flow whether by forced or natural, within a fluid and the fluid is a substance that may be either a gas or a liquid, this process is called convection.(Zhang, et al. 2005) Convection will then gravitationally-induced heat transport, driven by the expansion of a fluid on heating then hot expanded fluid has lower density, so will rise to the top of colder, and therefore denser, fluid.(Fowler, 2008) For example, when air to be heated, then it will expands and rise. However, if the air movement is established mechanically by a floor register, fan, or wind, then it will be called as a forced convection.2.1.1.2 ConductionConduction is direct heat flow or conducted from a material especially a solid.(Zhang, et al. 2005) When different parts of an isolated solid are at di fferent temperatures, the heat will flow from the hot places to the cold places until eventually all is at the same temperature.(Fowler, 2008) Conduction and convection have same uses which are functions of the roughness of surfaces, air movement and the temperature difference between the air and surface. The increasing of heat energy can flow through materials and from one material to another.(Kurtus, 2006)2.1.1.3 RadiationRadiation is the transmission of energy through space by means of electromagnetic waves.(Zhang, et al. 2005) This is clearly in the way the sun warms the surface of the earth, which involves the heat transfer through electromagnetic waves and absorption of the heat energy by a surface. Heat from the sun is reaches human skin as radiation, much of it can clearly be seen or evident light, the rest similar electromagnetic waves but at wavelengths human eyes are not sensitive to it. All bodies not at sheer zero temperature radiate, at room temperature the radiation is in the infrared, wavelengths longer than those of the visible spectrum. (Fowler, 2008)Source isoverThen, the types of thermal insulation are indicates the composition and internal structure of a building and the types of thermal insulation are normally been subdivided into three groups, which are fibrous insulation, cellular insulation and granular insulation.(Muhammad Anis-ur-Rehman, et al. 1999)2.1.1.4 Fibrous InsulationFibrous insulation is composing of air finely divided into interstices by small diameter fibers. The fibers may be parallel or perpendicular to the surface being insulated and they may separate or bonded together. That is usually chemically or mechanically bonded and formed into boards, blanket or hollow cylinders. (Muhammad Anis-ur-Rehman, et al. 1999)2.1.1.5 Cellular InsulationCellular insulation is composed of air or some other gas contained within foam of stable small bubbles and formed into boards, blankets, or hollow cylinders. The cellular material may be glass or foamed plastic such as polystyrene, polyurethane and elastomeric. (Muhammad Anis-ur-Rehman, et al. 1999)2.1.1.6 Granular InsulationGranular insulation is composed of air or some other gas in the interstices between small granules and formed into blocks, boards, or hollow cylinders. This type may be produce as loose pourable material or combined with a binder and fibers to make a rigid insulation. (Muhammad Anis-ur-Rehman, et al. 1999)Furthermore, thermal insulation is available in a variety of forms and it is usually rated in terms of thermal resistance which is R-value, which indicates the resistance of material to heat flow. The higher its resistance is, the greater the insulating effectiveness is. Of course, the thermal insulation property depends on the type of material, its thickness, and its density. The combined form and type of insulation will determine the proper method of insulation.There are many forms of thermal insulation are designed to deliver a sustained level of thermal resistance, such as Traditional Batt Insulation or Alternatives, Blown-In Cellulose Insulation, Rigid Board Insulation, Spray Foam Insulation and SIPs/ICFs.2.1.1.7 Traditional Batt Insulation or AlternativesBatt or Blanket Insulation is the most common and least effective insulation used in the states nowadays. It has an approximate rating of R-3 per inch. Technically the R rating is even lower because typical batts are so loose that they allow air to penetrate them and cool them down. It is possible to use batts effectively in energy efficient buildings but the installation is labor intensive. One slightly greener alternative to batts would be to use batts or rolls made of natural fibers such as Bonded Logics insulation made from recycled denim jeans.8 These types of insulation typically have a slightly higher R rating and do not harm the indoor air quality since they are made of natural materials. The trade off is that they are pricey and still do not effectivel y seal air gaps without extra labor and supervision. (Ludeman, 2008)2.1.1.8 Blown-In Cellulose InsulationLoose-Fill Insulation is an option that can be economic friendly because the Cellulose is a type of blown-in or loose-fill insulation that is made from recycled newspapers. There pros and cons but the bottom line is that it will not provide much better R- value than batt insulation and typically it will cost more to have installed. The best applications seem to be for attics that are not well insulated because cellulose can be quickly and efficiently blow over an attic floor to dramatically and safely increase the insulation between the home and the hot attic space. (Ludeman, 2008)2.1.1.9 Rigid Board InsulationRigid Board Insulation can contain some of the highest R-values with some Polyurethane sheets reaching R-8 per inch. Since the insulation comes in the form of rigid boards it is popular as roof and wall coverings attached to the exterior of the framing of a new building. Attaching to the exterior of the framing will improve the strength of the structure while also creating an insulated break or thermal barrier between the wood studs and the exterior sheathing or siding. This can greatly reduce the heat loss transferred from the inside of the building though the wood studs and to the exterior. There are also green versions of rigid board that are normally classified as polystyrene rigid insulation. This type may contain some recycled materials and will not off-gas like some of the other sheet products might. Besides that, rigid board insulation is also can find boards that are laminated or strengthened to act as both the buildings sheathing and insulation. Since sheathing of some type is necessary, this does not eliminate a step but can greatly improve the building envelope without additional labor. (Ludeman, 2008)2.1.1.10 Spray Foam InsulationSpray-Foam Insulation is probably the most effective type of insulation for traditional, stick-framed build ings available nowadays. The product is in the form of a liquid that is sprayed on and quickly expands to 100 times its size. It can achieve R-values of R-9 per inch but most importantly, it automatically creates an almost perfect air seal upon expanding. While the product is costly, it is effective and reduces a lot of manual caulking and sealing that would be necessary with other types of insulations. The most popular forms are petroleum based but there are also green options such as BioBased Insulation that is composed of 96% bio-content (soy-beans). (Ludeman, 2008)2.1.1.11 Structurally Insulated Panels (SIPs) / ICFsStructurally Insulated Panels are arguably the best way to achieve a tightly sealed and well insulated building. They are basically two sheets of OSB with spray foam insulation sandwiched between them. They are both structural as well as insulating so they eliminate the need for traditional framing and can streamline the construction of a building is assembled proper ly. All seams are sealed and there is no thermal bridge from studs. The only downfall is many contractors are unfamiliar with them and they can be quite pricey. Many of the green builders are using Structurally Insulated Panels because there are vehemently opposed to stick building as they view it an obsolete building practice. (Ludeman, 2008)Therefore, apply the thermal insulation for buildings will prevents or reduces heat from escaping a building or from entering a building. Thermal insulation can keep an enclosed area such as a building or a room warm for the cold climate countries like United Kingdom, Poland, New Zealand and so on or it can keep the inside of a building or a room cold for the tropical climate countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and so on. So, the thermal insulators are applied and functions to minimize that heat energy transfer from the buildings. In thermal insulation, the R-value is an indication of how well for a material insulates for the build ings.2.1.1.12 R-valueThe R-value is the total thermal resistance (RT) for any building elements, including the surface thermal resistances of the air on either side of the building elements. The conductivity of bulk insulation materials will change with the temperature of the material. (Williamson, 2007) It is significant to realize that the boundary conditions and other factors used in the calculation of the R-values, which will cause the R-value different.The total thermal resistance of a flat for building element consisting of layers perpendicular to the heat flow is calculated using the expressionRT = Rsi + R1 + R2 + . . . . . + Rn + RseRsi is the internal surface resistanceR1, R2, .Rn are the thermal resistances of each layer, including bridged layersRse is the external surface resistance Source Dr Terry Williamson (2007)An air space for the thermal resistance within a building element is depends on the valid emissivity of the space as well as the mean temperature and the diff erence in temperatures either side of the space.(Williamson, 2007) It follows therefore that the calculation of the R-value of a building element containing air spaces depends on the conditions assumed externally and internally.(Williamson, 2007) Thus, the flow of heat can be reduced by applying thermal insulation materials to the buildings and The rate of heat transfer is dependent on the physical properties of the material employed to do this.Insulation for the home has R-values usually in the range of R-10 up to R-30. The following is a listing of different materials with the English measurement of R-valueMaterialR-valueHardwood siding (1 in. thick)0.91Wood shingles (lapped)0.87Brick (4 in. thick)4.00Concrete block (filled cores)1.93Fiberglass batting (3.5 in. thick)10.90Fiberglass batting (6 in. thick)18.80Fiberglass board (1 in. thick)4.35Cellulose fiber (1 in. thick)3.70Flat glass (0.125 in thick)0.89Insulating glass (0.25 in space)1.54Air space (3.5 in. thick)1.01Free stagnan t air layer0.17Drywall (0.5 in. thick)0.45Sheathing (0.5 in. thick)1.32SourceHyperphysics Georgia State UniversityAnother mathematical expression used in thermal quantification, and the most common reference used by the insulation industry, is U-value, or flow rate of heat through a building elements.2.1.1.13 U-valueU-value is to be used for describe the amount of heat loss or also called as thermal transmittance, that occurs through an element of construction such as a wall or window. (Raynham, 1975) If an element of construction has a lower the U-value the less energy is lost and the better is its insulating characteristics.(Zimmermann Bertschinger, 2001) It has the same unit as thermal conductivity, except that since a U-value refers to a given construction, the thickness of which is taken into account, it has the unit W m-2 K-1. U-value is computed according to the formulaU=(Ri s+ Re s,+Rc a v+k1-l+k2-1+)-lRi s and, Re s are the thermal resistances of internal and external sur faces respectivelyRc a v is the sum of thermal resistances of any cavitiesk1-l+k2-1+ are the thermal resistances of each material used.Source Mark Zimmerman Hans Bertschinger (2001)Since the U-value is a measurement of heat flow, the lower the U-value, the more slowly does the material transfer heat in and out of the home. The U-value typically is used in expressing overall thermal conductance, since it is a measurement of the rate of heat flow through the complete heat barrier, from room air to outside air.(Anderson, 2006) The lower the U-value, the better is the insulating value.The U-value of a constructional element of buildings would decreases rapidly as the first few centimeters of thermal insulation are added.(Rouni, 2005) An even more increase in thermal insulation thickness does not always lead to an equally fast decrease in the U-value. The thicker the thermal insulation layer already is, the less the decrease in the U-value is by more adding thermal insulation.(Rouni, 20 05) The following diagram shows the decrease in the U-value as the thickness of the insulation layer increases.Source GK Rouni (2005)Temperature and temperature variations govern much of our daily lives, the environmental factors such as temperature, radiation, air motion, and humidity, as well as on personal factors such as activity levels, clothing selection and expectation, all of those factors are contribute to the state of thermal comfort.(Bynum, 2000) Thermal comfort is a term given the varying nature of the human condition, has been described as a feeling of well-being, an absence of discomfort, or a state of mind that is satisfied with the thermal environment. (McDowall, 2007)2.1.2 Uses of thermal insulationThe human beings have demonstrated that we are need for the protection from the elements of construction and although many of these factors are continuously in flux, but the proper use of thermal insulation, placement of vapor barriers, and understanding of heat transfer will contribute to providing an environment conducive to thermal comfort within the buildings to the human.(Bynum, 2000) Thermal insulation is the better way to protect anything against the heat because the material use for this is really heat absorbing material.Thermal insulation is to be used to perform many of the functions and the primary purpose of thermal insulation is to reduce heat loss or heat gain through the exterior assemblies of a building in order to achieve energy conservation.(Stettler, 2009) Basically thermal insulations reduce the rate of heat transfer because there are special type of thermal insulation material which converts the heat energy to some other form by conduction, convention and radiation as mentioned as foresaid.Source exergiaAs the drawing shows that the houses lose heat through walls, windows, doors, floors, roofs and ventilation.Thermal insulation, quality double-glazed windows and controlled ventilation can reduce the heat losses by as much as 50 %, thus reducing the heating costs in the cold climate.(Weber, 2006)However, an energy efficient home featuring thermal insulation, shading, brightly colored external surfaces and controlled ventilation also greatly enhance the thermal comfort by offering protection from the heat and radiation of the sun. (Weber, 2006)This also helps to drastically reduce the electrical bills that pay to run air conditioners in tropical climate.Besides that, apply thermal insulation for buildings will protect the environment through the reduction of Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and greenhouse gases. (Stettler, 2009) The greenhouse effect to a great level decides the climate on earth. Growth in emissions of greenhouse gases related with human activities menaces the climate balance. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) are the main greenhouse gas which are emitted due to air-conditioners are function to provide cool or hot air and increasing thermal comfort of buildings, there have led to rapid growth in the amount of Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the a atmosphere.Heating, air conditioning and refrigeration are the causes that result in this growth. If no action is taken at all, the EU Member States said that greenhouse gas emissions could be expected to further increase by 17% between 1990 and 2010, while the target set by the Kyoto Protocol for the period is to reduce the emissions by 8%. The reasonable level of expenditure on insulation is directly related to the amount of the heat loss or heat gain, and to the electricity of air-conditioning required to produce an appreciable return in terms of electricity saving. Fortunately, it is possible to reduce energy consumption and the associated Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions in heating and air conditioning by one third by using more or better insulation for the buildings.(Roberts, et al. 1981)Furthermore, the thermal insulation also can be used in buildings in order to prevent or reduce condensation on surfaces.(Raynham 1973) If wants to prevent condensation on the surface of walls, it is necessary to have adequate ventilation and sufficient insulation and heat input. It is also necessary to consider the question of whether condensation is likely to occur within a structure.Since most structures experience a falling dew point especially where insulating internal linings are provided, as well as temperature gradient from inside to out, it is possible for the temperature on the cold side of the insulation to fall below the dew point, causing interstitial condensation.(Raynham 1973) This can be controlled by providing water vapour barriers on the warm side of the insulation. This may take the form of polythene film or certain types of paint treatment, such as chlorinated rubber on the insulated lining. In some situations such as factory roofs and some timber flat roofs, ventilation is provided above the insu lation to remove any water vapour that has penetrated that far.(Raynham 1973)Thermal insulation also can use to prevent or reduce damage to buildings when occur fire in the buildings or near the buildings.(Raynham 1973) When fire breaks out in a compartment the contents of the whole room are heated up, leading to accumulation of flammable gas. Eventually a point is reached when these gases, together with the materials evolving them, suddenly kindle and thus involve the whole room in fire.Tests done many years ago at the Fire Research Station (Raynham 1973) investigated the factors leading to a short, and therefore dangerous, flashover time. Tests involving fires in domestic sized rooms with insulating board and hardboard wall linings showed that flashover occurred at between 8.5 and 12min. Two further tests made with a noncombustible sprayed insulating lining gave flashover times of 8 and 4.5 min, thus suggesting that the thermal insulating characteristics of a lining are probably m ore significant from a fire development point of view than its combustibility. If this is true to any extent, significantly improved standards of thermal insulation, such as we are about to adopt in this country, are almost certain to accentuate the fire risk, especially in dwellings.The thermal insulation also can be installed in the mechanical system in commercial buildings and industrial processes.(Avtivity, 2008) In buildings such as shopping centers, schools, hospitals, and hotels, mechanical insulations are installed to improve the energy consumption of the cooling and heating systems for buildings, domestic hot and cold water supply, and refrigerated systems including ducts and housings. However, for industrial facilities such as power plants, refineries, and paper mills, mechanical thermal insulations are installed to control heat gain or heat loss on process piping and equipment, steam and condensate distribution systems, boilers, smoke stacks, bag houses and precipitators, and storage tanks.(Avtivity, 2008)Thermal insulation for mechanical system is to dominate the temperatures of the surface for personnel and equipment protection. That is one of the most effective mediums of protecting workers from second and third degree burns resulting from skin contact for more than 5 seconds with surfaces of hot piping and equipment operating at temperatures above 136.4F.(Avtivity, 2008) Thermal insulation will function to reduces the surface temperature of piping or equipment into a safer level as required by OSHA, resulting in increased worker safety and the avoidance of worker downtime due to injury.(Avtivity, 2008)Besides, thermal insulation also will control the temperature of commercial and industrial processes when installed in the mechanical system.(Avtivity, 2008) Thermal insulation can help maintain process temperature to a pre-determined value or within a predetermined range by reducing heat loss or gain. The insulation thickness must be sufficient to limit the heat transfer in a dynamic system or limit the temperature change, with time, in a static system.(Avtivity, 2008) The need to provide time for owners to take remedial action in emergency situations in the event of loss of electrical power, or heat sources is a major reason for this action in a static system.At last but not least, installed the thermal insulation in the mechanical system will reduce noise from mechanical systems.(Avtivity, 2008) Insulation materials can be used in the design of an assembly having a high sound attenuation or sound resistance. The sound transmission loss when the thermal insulation to be installed between the source and the surrounding area.(Avtivity, 2008) So, thermal insulation not only can be used for building but also for the mechanical system in commercial buildings and industrial processes in order to achieve different effects.2.2 The importance or advantages of thermal insulation in Malaysia2.2.1 Advantages of thermal insulation in MalaysiaGovernments all over the world are beginning to recognize the significance of reducing dependence on energy imports as fuel reserves becomes scarcer and supplies are focused on a few politically unstable countries. In the Malaysian context, the ener